NTA UGC NET EXAM
1. Who is considered the father of modern geography?
- (a) Eratosthenes
- (b) Alexander von Humboldt
- (c) Ptolemy
- (d) Carl Ritter
Answer: (b) Alexander von Humboldt
Explanation: Humboldt's contributions to physical geography and biogeography mark him as the father of modern geography. He emphasized observation, measurement, and the relationship between environment and organisms.
2. The term "Continental Drift" was proposed by:
- (a) Harry Hess
- (b) Alfred Wegener
- (c) Charles Darwin
- (d) James Hutton
Answer: (b) Alfred Wegener
Explanation: Wegener proposed that continents were once a single landmass (Pangaea) and drifted apart over time.
3. The ‘Ring of Fire’ is associated with:
- (a) Hurricanes
- (b) Earthquakes and Volcanoes
- (c) Tornadoes
- (d) Tsunamis
Answer: (b) Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Explanation: The "Ring of Fire" refers to a region around the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur due to tectonic activity.
4. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
- (a) Troposphere
- (b) Stratosphere
- (c) Mesosphere
- (d) Thermosphere
Answer: (b) Stratosphere
Explanation: The ozone layer, which absorbs harmful UV radiation, is located in the lower portion of the stratosphere.
5. The term "geopolitics" was first coined by:
- (a) Rudolf Kjellén
- (b) Friedrich Ratzel
- (c) Mackinder
- (d) Karl Haushofer
Answer: (a) Rudolf Kjellén
Explanation: Kjellén coined the term geopolitics, emphasizing the influence of geographical factors on political decisions and international relations.
6. The concept of ‘Central Place Theory’ was developed by:
- (a) Walter Christaller
- (b) August Losch
- (c) E.W. Burgess
- (d) Homer Hoyt
Answer: (a) Walter Christaller
Explanation: Christaller's theory explains the spatial distribution of cities and towns and their functions as central places for surrounding areas.
7. Which of the following is not an example of igneous rock?
- (a) Granite
- (b) Basalt
- (c) Limestone
- (d) Gabbro
Answer: (c) Limestone
Explanation: Limestone is a sedimentary rock, while granite, basalt, and gabbro are igneous rocks formed from the cooling of magma or lava.
8. The Earth’s longest day (Summer Solstice) occurs on:
- (a) March 21
- (b) June 21
- (c) September 23
- (d) December 22
Answer: (b) June 21
Explanation: The Summer Solstice occurs when the Earth's axial tilt is closest to the Sun, resulting in the longest day for the Northern Hemisphere.
9. Which river forms the world’s largest delta?
- (a) Amazon
- (b) Nile
- (c) Ganges-Brahmaputra
- (d) Mississippi
Answer: (c) Ganges-Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, also known as the Sundarbans, is the largest delta in the world, located in India and Bangladesh.
10. Which ocean current is cold in nature?
- (a) Gulf Stream
- (b) Kuroshio Current
- (c) Labrador Current
- (d) Agulhas Current
Answer: (c) Labrador Current
Explanation: The Labrador Current is a cold ocean current flowing from the Arctic along the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland.
11. Which of the following is a secondary economic activity?
- (a) Agriculture
- (b) Mining
- (c) Manufacturing
- (d) Fishing
Answer: (c) Manufacturing
Explanation: Secondary activities involve processing raw materials from primary activities into finished goods, such as manufacturing.
12. The study of landforms is called:
- (a) Cartography
- (b) Climatology
- (c) Geomorphology
- (d) Biogeography
Answer: (c) Geomorphology
Explanation: Geomorphology is the study of the physical features of the Earth's surface and their relation to its geological structures.
13. In which of the following climate types are tropical rainforests found?
- (a) Af
- (b) Aw
- (c) Am
- (d) Bs
Answer: (a) Af
Explanation: Tropical rainforests are found in areas with an equatorial climate (Af) characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year.
14. Which of the following countries is an archipelago?
- (a) India
- (b) Japan
- (c) China
- (d) South Africa
Answer: (b) Japan
Explanation: Japan is an archipelago made up of multiple islands, primarily four main islands (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku).
15. The term “megalopolis” was introduced by:
- (a) Jean Gottmann
- (b) Walter Christaller
- (c) John Snow
- (d) William Bunge
Answer: (a) Jean Gottmann
Explanation: Gottmann used the term to describe a large, heavily urbanized region, especially the urban corridor between Boston and Washington, D.C.
